hydrogen cyanamide 单氰胺, 氨基氰, 氰胺, 氨基甲氰

单氰胺

基本介绍

学名：氨基氰，单氰氨，简称氰胺
英文名：Cyanamide，hydrogen cyanamide
分子式：CN2H2
分子量：42.02
物化性质：晶体单氰胺不稳定，呈菱形，无色，易潮，熔点为46℃。单氰胺在水中有很高的溶解度且呈弱碱性，在43℃时与水完全互溶。单氰胺含有氰基和氨基，都是活性基团。具有上述官能团的多重反应性能，易发生加成、取代、缩合等反应。

产品规格
产品　产品名称 氰胺含量 双氰胺含量 稳定剂
1．25%氰胺溶液产品 ≥25% ≤2% 2%　
2．50%氰胺溶液产品 ≥50% ≤1.5% 2%
3．95%氰胺结晶粉末 ≥95%
用途：单氰胺溶液在国外用作水果果树的落叶剂、无毒除虫剂。晶体单氰胺主要用于医药、保健产品、饲料添加剂的合成和农药中间体的合成，用途很广泛。

健康危害
此物极刺激腐蚀皮肤、呼吸道、粘膜；吸入或食入使面部瞬时强烈变红、头痛、头晕、呼吸加快、心动过速、血压过低，暴露后，症状潜伏1～2天。

急救措施：
1．皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。
2．眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。
3．吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，
立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
4．食入：立即饮水。未得到医护人员授权，严禁催吐。就医。

防护措施
1．呼吸系统防护：可能接触其粉尘时，必须佩戴防尘面具（全面罩）。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，应该佩戴空气呼吸器。
2．眼睛防护：防化学液眼镜。
3．身体防护：防毒物渗透工作服。
4．手防护：防毒物渗透手套。
5．其它防护：工作场所禁止吸烟、进食和饮水，饭前要洗手。工作完毕，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。保持良好的卫生习惯。

泄漏处理
须穿戴防护用具进入现场；排除一切火情隐患；现场通风；用蛭石、干砂、泥土或类似吸附剂吸收液体，收集于密封容器中；将干粉泄漏物收入密封容器中；不得将泄漏物排入下水道，以免爆炸。
储存
远离酸或酸雾；存于玻璃容器并密封，不能用铁、钢、铜、黄铜容器，置于凉爽、通风处；严禁烟火；储存处应使用防爆电子装置。

包装及运输
1．用塑料桶包装，每桶25、50、100、200Kg，也可按用户要求包装。
2．浓度在30%以下的产品在储运过程中，温度不得超过35℃。
3．浓度在50%以上的液体产品最好在较低的温度下储运，温度不得超过25℃。
4．晶体产品的储运温度不得超过10℃。

cyanamide
Herbicide, plant growth regulator

NOMENCLATURE
Chemical Abstracts name cyanamide
Other names carbamic acid nitrile; amidocyanogen; hydrogen cyanamide; cyanoamine; cyanogenamide CAS RN [420-04-2] EEC no. 206-992-3

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 42.0 M.f. CH2N2 Form Colourless, hygroscopic crystals. M.p. 45-46 ºC B.p. 83 ºC/0.5 mmHg V.p. 500 mPa (20 ºC) KOW logP = -0.82 (20 ºC) Henry 4.58 ´ 10-6 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.282 (20 ºC) Solubility In water 4.59 kg/l (20 ºC). Soluble in alcohols, phenols and ethers. Sparingly soluble in benzene and halogenated hydrocarbons. Practically insoluble in cyclohexane. In methyl ethyl ketone 505, ethyl acetate 424, n-butanol 288, chloroform 2.4 (all in g/kg, 20 ºC). Stability Stable to light. Decomposed by alkalis (with the formation of dicyandiamide and polymerisation) and acids (with the formation of urea). On heating to 180 ºC, dicyandiamide is formed, and polymerisation commences. F.p. 207 ºC

COMMERCIALISATION
Manufacturers Degussa AG

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Catalase inhibition, requiring the plant to detoxify hydrogen peroxide by other routes, which affects the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. This in turn leads to an increase in reduced nucleotide production, ultimately affecting budbreak. Mode of action Contact herbicide. Uses Early post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds in alliums (onions, leeks, chives, shallots, and garlic) and bulb flowers. Also used to remove side shoots and inhibit sprouting in hops and vines. The calcium salt (q.v. in Superseded) is used as a fertiliser, and formerly was also used as a herbicide. Formulation types EC.

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Alzodef' (SKW Piesteritz); 'Dormex' (Dormex, Degussa AG)

ANALYSIS
Product by the Kjeldahl method or by argentometric determination. Details from SKW Trostberg. Residues (1) By colorimetric determination of a derivative. Details from Degussa. (2) By hplc (J. Prunonosa et al., J. Chromatogr. Biomed. Appl., 1986, 50, 253-269).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 223 mg/kg (c. 300 mg/kg for 'Alzodef', 49% aqueous solution). Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 848 mg/kg (c. 1700 mg/kg for 'Alzodef'). Severe skin and eye irritant. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >1 mg/l air (>13 mg/l air for 'Alzodef'). NOEL (91 w) 1 mg/kg daily. ADI 0.01 mg/kg. Other A vasomotor reaction may occur when handling or using cyanamide combined with alcohol consumption. EC classification T; R25| Xn; R21| Xi; R36/38| R43

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Oral LD50 for bobwhite quail 350 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (5 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5000 ppm. Fish Toxic to fish; LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 44, carp 87, rainbow trout 90 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 3.2 mg/l. Algae EC50 (96 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum 13.5 mg/l. Bees Toxic to bees. Other beneficial spp. EC10 (16 h) for Pseudomonas putida 24 mg/l.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals The main urinary metabolite in the rat, rabbit and dog is acetylcyanamide. Plants In plants, converted to nitrogenous compounds which are rapidly taken up. Soil/Environment In soil, converted to nitrogenous compounds which are rapidly taken up. No residue problems.