Omethoate 氧乐果

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氧乐果

简介
英文通用名称 omethoate
毒性 氧乐果属高毒杀虫剂,原药大鼠经口LD50为500毫克/千克,急性经皮LD50为700毫克/千克。无慢性毒性。
剂型 40%氧乐果乳油。
特点 。此药具有内吸、触杀和一定胃毒作用,击倒力快、高效、广谱、具有杀虫、杀螨等特点,具有强烈的触杀作用和内渗作用,是较理想的根、茎内吸传导性杀螨、杀虫剂,特别适于防治刺吸性害虫,效果优于乐果和内吸磷,不易产生抗性,并可降低易产生抗性的拟除虫菊酯的抗性。
适用范围及使用方法

适用范围
氧乐果对抗性蚜虫有很强的毒效、对飞虱、叶蝉、介壳虫及其他刺式口器害虫具有较好防效。在低温下仍能保持杀虫活性,特别适合于防治越冬的蚜虫、螨类、木虱和蚧类等。

使用方法
1. 水稻害虫的防治 防治稻叶蝉、稻飞虱、稻蓟马等,用40%乳油1500倍液喷雾。
2. 棉花害虫的防治 棉蚜用40%乳油1500-2000倍液喷雾; 红蜘蛛、叶蝉、盲蝽象用40%乳油 1500-2000倍液喷雾。
3.果树害虫的防治 苹果蚜、螨用40%乳油1500-2000倍液喷雾,防治叶螨时与三氯杀螨醇混用,效果更好。 红蜘蛛用40%乳油1000-2000倍液重点挑治中心虫株。 橘蚜用40%乳油1000-1500倍液重点喷新梢。 矢尖蚧、糠片蚧、褐圆蚧用40%乳油1000-1200倍液喷雾。
4. 蔬菜害虫的防治 菜蚜、红蜘蛛用40%防治乳油1500-2000倍液喷雾进行防治。

注意事项
1. 氧乐果对其他作物的药害与乐果相同,使用时务必注意。
2. 安全间隔为蔬菜10天,茶叶6天,果树15天。
3. 40%氧乐果乳油能通过食道、呼吸道和皮肤引起中毒,治疗药剂为阿托品及解磷定。

制备
制备的主要方法有:
1.后胺解法 2. 氯乙酰甲胺法 3 . 异氰酸酯法 4.磷眺氯法 5.氧化法 6.Bunte法
我国几乎都采用第一条路线生产,收率低,质量差, 不仅影响效益, 而且严重影响在国际
市场上的竞争力。

化学性质
中文名称 氧乐果
别名 氧化乐果; O,O-二甲基S-甲基氨基甲酰基甲基硫赶磷酸酯; 蚧毕丰乳油; 高渗氧乐果乳油; 氧乐果乳油; 氧化乐果乳油
英文名称 omethoate
英文别名 O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorothioate; O,O-dimethyl S-(2-methylamino)-2-oxoethyl phosphorothioate; BAY 45432; Dimethoate oxon; dimethoate oxygen analog; dimethoxon; Dimethyl S-((methylcarbamoyl)methyl) phosphorothioate; Folimat; Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl ester, S-ester with 2-mercapto-N-methylacetamide; Omethoate E.C.,penetrating; Omethoate E.C.
CAS NO. 1113-02-6[1]
EINECS 214-197-8
分子式 C5H12NO4PS
分子量 213.19
物理化学性质
产品用途 属内吸性有机磷杀虫、杀螨剂,主要用于防治棉花、小麦、果树、蔬菜、高粱等作物的害虫
危险品标志 T+:Very toxic;
N:Dangerous for the environment;
风险术语 R21:;R25:;R50:;
安全术语 S1/2:;S23:;S36/37:;S45:;S61:;

环境标准
中华人民共和国国家职业卫生标准GBZ2.1-2007 工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素
氧乐果的时间加权平均容许浓度PC-TWA 0.15mg/m3。

 

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omethoate
Insecticide, acaricide
IRAC 1B; organophosphate

  omethoate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name omethoate (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO); no name (Italy)
IUPAC name O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorothioate
Chemical Abstracts name O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] phosphorothioate
CAS RN [1113-02-6] EEC no. 214-197-8 Development codes Bayer 45 432; S 6876 (Bayer)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 213.2 M.f. C5H12NO4PS Form Colourless liquid, with a mercaptan odour. M.p. Solidifies -28 °C (tech.) B.p. Decomposes at c. 135 ºC V.p. 3.3 mPa (20 ºC) KOW logP = -0.74 (20 ºC) S.g./density 1.32 (20 ºC) Solubility Readily soluble in water, alcohols, acetone, and many hydrocarbons. Slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Almost insoluble in petroleum ether. Stability Hydrolysed in alkaline media; relatively slowly hydrolysed in acidic media: DT50 (est.) 102 d (pH 4), 17 d (pH 7), 28 h (pH 9) (22 ºC). F.p. 128 °C (tech.)

COMMERCIALISATION
History Insecticide reported by R. Santi & P. de Pietri-Tonelli (Nature (London), 1959, 183, 398). Introduced by Bayer AG. Patents DE 1251304 Manufacturers Bayer CropScience

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Cholinesterase inhibitor. Mode of action Systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Uses Control of spider mites, aphids (including woolly aphids), beetles, caterpillars, scale insects, thrips, suckers, frit flies, etc. on fruit, hops, cereals, rice, potatoes, ornamentals, and other crops. Application rates vary from 35 to 1000 g/ha, depending on crop, pest, pest stage and application method. Phytotoxicity May be phytotoxic to some varieties of peach. Formulation types AE; EC; SL; UL. Compatibility Incompatible with alkaline materials. Selected products: 'Folimat' (Bayer CropScience)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Dimethoxon' (BASF); 'Le-mat' (Bayer CropScience)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by rp hplc or by glc with FPD (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 159-162). In dimethoate, ibid., 1998, H, 157. Residues determined by glc with FID (Man. Pestic. Residue Anal., 1987, I, 6, S13, S17, S19; Anal. Methods Residues Pestic., 1988, Part I, M2, M5, M12; Analyst (London), 1977, 102, 858; AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 985.22). Details available from Bayer CropScience.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 77(see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats c. 25 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 (24 h) for male rats 232, female rats c. 145 mg/kg. Not irritating to the skin; slightly irritating to the eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats c. 0.3 mg/l (aerosol). NOEL NOAEL (2 y) for rats 0.3, mice 10 ppm. NOEL (1 y) for dogs 0.025 mg/kg b.w. ADI (JMPR) ADI withdrawn [1996]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) Ib; EPA (formulation) I EC classification T; R25| Xn; R21| N; R50

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for male Japanese quail 79.7, female Japanese quail 83.4 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for golden orfe 30, rainbow trout 9.1 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.022 mg/l. Algae ErC50 for Scenedesmus subspicatus 167.5 mg/l. Bees Toxic to bees. Worms LC50 for Eisenia foetida 46 mg/kg dry soil.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 63 (WHO, 1986; a general review of organophosphorus insecticides). Animals Omethoate is not accumulated in animal tissues or fat. The main metabolites in the urine are O-demethylomethoate and N-methyl-2-(methyldithio)acetamide. Plants Omethoate is rapidly taken up by plants. Demethylation and hydrolysis of P-S bonds are the main metabolic steps. The main metabolites are 3-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylamino-2-oxo-ethyl)thio]propionic acid and its oxidation products. Soil/Environment Omethoate has a relatively high mobility in soil but is very rapidly metabolised; DT50 only a few days. The main metabolite is CO2. Aged leaching studies revealed that metabolites have only a low leaching potential.