Monocrotophos 久效磷

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久效磷

结构分子式久效磷是一种高效内吸性有机磷杀虫剂,具有很强的触杀和胃毒作用。杀虫谱广,速效性好,残留期长,对刺吸、咀嚼和蛀食性的多种害虫有效。作用机制为抑制昆虫体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶。久效磷还有一定的杀卵作用。 适用范围 适用于防治棉花、水稻、大豆、森林等作物上的多种害虫。

基本资料
英文通用名称 monocrotophos 久效磷分子式
其它名称 纽瓦克 ;O,O-二甲基-2-甲基氨基甲酰基-1-甲基乙烯基磷酸酯
分子式:C7H14NO5P。
分子量:223.16
CASNO:6923-22-4
剂型 50%久效磷水溶剂,纽瓦克40%水溶剂(Nuva-cron40SCW),40%乳油。

毒性
久效磷属高毒杀虫剂。原药大鼠急性经口LD50为8--23毫克/千克;大鼠急性经皮LD50为354毫克/千克,大鼠急性吸入LC50为80毫克/升。对兔皮肤和眼睛有轻度刺激作用。在试验剂量下,对试验动物未见突变、致畸和致癌作用。久效磷对鱼类及水生动物有毒,对鸟类毒性高,对蜜蜂高毒。

使用方法
1.棉花害虫的防治 棉铃虫主要防治棉田二、三代幼虫,在卵孵盛期,每亩用40%乳油50-- 80毫升,对水75千克,均匀喷雾。 棉蚜每亩用40%乳油25-37.5 毫升,对水40--60千克,各叶背均匀喷雾。也可用药液涂茎法,即用40%乳油0.5--1千克,对水40千克,用棉球捆在筷子的一端,蘸药液涂在棉苗茎的红绿交界处,药带宽约1-2厘米。 棉红蜘蛛防治药量及喷雾方法同棉蚜。棉红铃虫防治适期为各代发蛾及产卵盛期,用药量和使用方法同棉铃虫。
正品60%久效磷图片(1张)
2.水稻害虫的防治 二化螟在蚁螟孵化高峰前后3天施药,每亩用40%乳油50-100毫升,对水50-75千克喷雾。 三化螟在孵化高峰前1-2天施药,用药量和使用方法同二化螟。 稻纵卷叶螟在幼虫1-2龄高峰期,每亩用40%乳油40-60毫升,对水60--75千克喷雾, 稻飞虱、稻叶蝉在2-3龄若虫盛发期施药。每亩用40%乳油50毫升,对水100千克喷雾。 稻蓟马在若虫盛孵期防治,每亩用40%乳油30-60毫升,对水60--75千克喷雾。
3.大豆害虫的防治 大豆食心虫在成虫盛发期到幼虫入荚前防治。每亩用40%乳油60-80毫升,对水60--80千克均匀喷雾。 豆荚螟在大豆结荚期间成虫盛发期或卵孵化盛期前防治,用药量和使用方法同大豆食心虫。
4.森林害虫的防治 防治松树介壳虫、松毛虫,春、秋两季用久效磷原液,夏季稀释1-5倍涂松树干或打孔注入,效果良好。

注意事项
1.不能与碱性农药混用,食用作物收获前10天停止用药。
2.此药对高粱易产生药害,使用时要慎重。
3.本品对蜜蜂有毒,应避免在开花期用药。
4.施药时应穿戴防护面具,禁止饮食和吸烟。药液溅到皮肤上应立即用清水和肥皂清洗。如误服应 引吐,并送医院治疗。解毒剂为阿托品或解磷定,或两种解毒剂合并进行治疗。 5.水田用久效磷等可引起稻飞虱种群数量显著增加。


 

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monocrotophos
Insecticide, acaricide
IRAC 1B; organophosphate

  monocrotophos

NOMENCLATURE
Common name monocrotophos (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ESA, JMAF)
IUPAC name dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate; 3-dimethoxyphosphinoyloxy-N-methylisocrotonamide
Chemical Abstracts name (E)-dimethyl 1-methyl-3-(methylamino)-3-oxo-1-propenyl phosphate
CAS RN [6923-22-4] (formerly [919-44-8]) monocrotophos; [919-44-8] (Z)- analogue; [2157-98-4] (E)- + (Z)- compounds EEC no. 230-042-7 Development codes C 1414 (Ciba); SD 9129 (Shell) Official codes OMS 834; ENT 27 129

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 223.2 M.f. C7H14NO5P Form Colourless, hygroscopic crystals; (tech., ³74%: dark brown semi-solid). M.p. 54-55 ºC B.p. 125 ºC/0.0005 mmHg V.p. 2.9 ´ 10-1 mPa (20 ºC); 9.8 ´ 10-1 mPa (separate studies) KOW logP = -0.22 (calc.) S.g./density 1.22 kg/l (20 ºC). Solubility In water 100% (20 ºC). In methanol 100%, acetone 70%, n-octanol 25%, toluene 6% (all 20 ºC). Sparingly soluble in kerosene and diesel oil. Stability Decomposes >38 ºC, thermal run-away reactions can occur >55 ºC; on hydrolysis (20 ºC), DT50 (calc.) 96 d (pH 5), 66 d (pH 7), 17 d (pH 9); unstable in short-chain alcohols. Decomposes on some inert materials (care should be taken when carrying out chromatography).

COMMERCIALISATION
History Introduced by Ciba AG (became Novartis Crop Protection AG, who ceased to manufacture or market it) and by Shell Chemical Co. (now BASF AG). Patents BE 552284; GB 829576 both to Ciba-Geigy Manufacturers Aimco; BASF; CAC; Cheminova; Comlets; Crystal; DE-NOCIL; Hindustan; Hui Kwang; India Pesticides; Makhteshim-Agan; Nagarjuna Agrichem; Parry; Q.E.A.C.A.; Rallis; Sabero; Sharda; Sinon; Sudarshan; Taiwan Tainan Giant; United Phosphorus

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Cholinesterase inhibitor. Mode of action Systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Penetrates plant tissue rapidly. Uses Control of a broad spectrum of pests, including sucking, chewing, and boring insects, and spider mites on cotton, citrus, olives, rice, maize, sorghum, sugar cane, sugar beet, peanuts, potatoes, soya beans, vegetables, ornamentals, and tobacco. Phytotoxicity Non-phytotoxic when used as directed, although slight injury may be caused to some varieties of apple, pear, cherry, peach, and sorghum. Formulation types SL; UL. Compatibility Incompatible with pesticides which are alkaline in reaction. Selected products: 'Azodrin' (BASF); 'Agrodrin' (Inquiport); 'Balwan' (Rallis); 'Croton' (RPG); 'Devimono' (Devidayal); 'Efacron' (Efthymiadis); 'Hilcron' (Hindustan); 'Lucadrin' (Lucava); 'Macabre' (Sanonda); 'Monitor' (Crop Health); 'Monocron' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Monocrown' (Nagarjuna Agrichem); 'Monodhan' (Dhanuka); 'Monodrin' (Hui Kwang); 'Monostar' (Shaw Wallace); 'Monovol' (Ralchem); 'Pilardrin' (Pilarquim)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Aimocron' (Aimco); 'Apadrin' (Bayer CropScience); 'Atom' (Indofil); 'Canon' (CAS); 'Crisodrin' (Crystal); 'Cropaphos' (Papaeconomou); 'Crotos' (Isagro); 'Dominator' (Sanonda); 'Kadett' (Pesticides India); 'Monacron' (AgroSan); 'Mosum' (Sabero); 'Parryfos' (Parry); 'R C Pos' (Ramcides); 'Rasayan Fos' (Krishi Rasayan); 'Susvin' (Q.E.A.C.A.) Discontinued products: 'Nuvacron' * (Novartis); 'Agrophos' * (Agrochem); 'Cekumonocrotofos' * (Cequisa); 'Phoskill' * (United Phosphorus)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by rp hplc with u.v. detection (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 145-150), or by glc; details available from BASF or Syngenta. Residues determined by glc using phosphorus-sensitive detectors (Pestic. Anal. Man., 1979, I, 201-H, 201-I; ibid, 1979, II; A. Ambrus et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1981, 64, 733; AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 985.22; Man. Pestic. Residue Anal., 1987, I, S19; Anal. Methods Residues Pestic., 1988, Part I, M2, M5; Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1972, 6, 287).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 68, 70, 74, 76 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 18, female rats 20 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 130-250, male rats 126, female rats 112 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats c. 0.08 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) estimated by WHO (JMPR,1972) as: for rats 0.5 mg/kg diet (0.025 mg/kg daily); for dogs 0.5 mg/kg diet (0.0125 mg/kg daily). ADI (JMPR) 0.0006 mg/kg b.w. [1995]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) Ib; EPA (formulation) I EC classification R68| T+; R26/28| T; R24| N; R50, R53 PIC SL formulations of the substance which exceed 600 g a.i./l are included.

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 (14 d) for mallard ducklings 4.8, male Japanese quail 3.7, male bobwhite quail 0.94, chickens 6.7, young pheasants 2.8, partridges 6.5, pigeons 2.8, house sparrows 1.5 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (48 h) for rainbow trout 7 mg/l; (24 h) for rainbow trout 12, bluegill sunfish 23 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (24 h) 0.24 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. LC50 (96 h) for Gammarus fasciatus 0.3, Macrobrachium lamerrii 1.9, Crassostrea virginica >1 mg/l. Bees Highly toxic to bees. LD50 (oral) 0.028-0.033 mg/bee; (topical) 0.025-0.35 mg/bee.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 63 (WHO, 1986; a general review of organophosphorus insecticides). Metabolism and breakdown in plants, animals and soil has been reviewed (K. I. Beynon et al., Residue Rev., 1973, 47,55). Animals In mammals, following oral administration, 60-65% is excreted within 24 hours, predominantly in the urine. Soil/Environment Rapidly degraded in soil; DT50 (lab.) 1-5 d.