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基本信息

通用名称苦参碱(matrine)。商品名称绿宝清、百草一号、绿宝灵、维绿特、碧绿毒性为低毒杀虫剂。原药大鼠急性经口、经皮 LD50 均>5000mg/?。对动物和鱼类安全。理化性质苦参碱是由中草药植物苦参的根、植株、果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的，是生物碱，一般为苦参总碱，其主要成分有苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱等多种生物碱，以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱含量最高。苦参碱纯品为白色粉末。常用制剂 0.3% 苦参碱水剂、1% 苦参碱醇溶液、0.2% 苦参碱水剂、1.1% 苦参碱粉剂、1% 苦参碱可溶性液剂。产品特点及防治对象苦参碱是天然植物性农药, 对人畜低毒, 是广谱杀虫剂，具有触杀和胃毒作用。对各种作物上的黏虫、菜青虫、蚜虫、红蜘蛛有明显的防治效果。
植物来源

豆科植物苦参Sophora flavescens Ait的干燥根。

英文名称：Matrine
别名：母菊碱

苦参的生物学基本特性：
中文科名(Family Name)：豆科(leguminous plants)
来源品名(Botanical Origin):苦参Sophora japonica (kushen,Sophora flavescens Ait.)；Lighiyellow Sophora Root；豆科植物苦参Sophora flavescens Ait．的根。
其他来源：山豆根Sophora subprostrata (shandougen)，以及Sophora alopecuroides地上部分
一般中文名：苦参(Sophora japonica (kushen))；sophoraal opecuraidesl；Sophora flavescens Ait.
学名:Sophora japonica
英文名：(英)Sophora japonica(kushen),Sophora alopecuroides L.；Radix Sophorae Flavescentis
中文别名：别名苦甘草、苦参草、苦豆根,西豆根,苦平子,野槐根、山槐根、干人参、苦骨。
中文品名：苦参提取物Lighiyellow Sophora Root P.E.:苦参碱(Matrine,C15H24N2O)98%HPLC
中文品名：苦参提取物Lighiyellow Sophora Root P.E.:氧化苦参碱(苦参素)(oxymatrine,C15H24N2O2)98%HPLC

化学成分:
国外早在30年代初苏联开始研究，国内开始于1972年，国内外研究的重点均放在生物碱上，目前国内自苦参植物中提取、分离、鉴定的生物碱主要有氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine,C15H24N2O2),苦参碱(Matrine,C15H24N2O),异苦参碱(Iosmatrine,C15H24N2O),羟基苦参碱(sophor-anol),槐果碱(Sophocarpine,C15H22N2O)、氧化槐果碱(N-oxysophocarpine,C15H22N2O2),槐胺碱、槐啶碱(Sophoridine,C15H24N2O)、苦豆碱(Aloperine),金雀花碱(sparteine),N-甲基金雀花碱(N－methylcytisine),安那吉碱(anagyrine),膺靛叶碱(bap-iifoline)、脱氢苦参碱(sophocarpine),d-苦参碱(d-Matrine),d-异苦参碱(d－isomatrine),d-氧化苦参碱(d-Oxymatrine),l-臭豆碱(l-Anagyrine),l-甲基金花碱(l-Methyleytisine),l-穿叶赝靛碱(Baptifoline),苦参啶(kurarid-in),槐醇(Sophoranol, C15H24N2O2),氧化槐醇碱(SophoranholN-oxide,C15H24N2O3),N-甲基野靛碱(N-methylcytisine,C12H16N2O),等生物碱。
黄酮类化合物：苦参所含黄酮类化合物多为二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类，亦有黄酮，异黄酮，查尔酮等，从总黄酮分离的黄酮类化合物见下表：去甲苦参酮(降苦参酮,norkurarinone,C25H28O6)、苦参啶醇(kuraridinol),苦参醇(kurarinol),新苦参醇(neo－kurarinol),去甲苦参醇(norkurarinol),异苦参酮(isokurarinon,C26H30O6)；高丽槐素(maackiain，C16H12O5)；4-甲氧基高丽槐素(4-methoxy-maackiain,C17H14O6)；三叶豆紫檀甙(trifolirhizin,C22H22O10)；降脱水淫羊藿素(nor-anhydroicaritin,C20H18O6)；槐属二氢黄酮B(sophoraflavanone B,C20H20O5)；芒柄花素(formoronetin,C16H12O4)；黄腐醇(Xanthohumol)，异黄腐醇(Isoxanthohunol)，3，4`5-三羟-7-甲氧-8-异戊烯基山柰酚(3，4`5-Tri-7-Meth-8-prenylkeamferol；)等。茎、叶含木犀草素－7－葡萄糖甙(Luteolin-7-glucoside).
脂肪酸和挥发油：从苦参中已鉴定出20种脂肪酸成份，主要为不饱和脂肪酸，其含量占脂肪酸总量的72.79%，其中亚油酸相对含量为48.95%，苦参挥发油已鉴定出47个成份。

苦参碱在农业上的应用：
苦参碱是由中草药苦参的根、茎、叶果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的，是生物碱，一般为苦参总碱，成分主要有苦参碱，氧化苦参碱、槐果碱，氧化槐果碱、槐定碱等，以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的含量最高。苦参碱是天然植物农药，害虫一旦触及本药，即麻痹神经中枢，继而使虫体蛋白质凝固，堵死虫体气孔，使害虫窒息而死，本品对人畜低毒，是广谱杀虫剂，具有胃毒和触杀作用。符合农业可持续发展方向，目前国内苦参碱制剂有0.3%苦参碱水剂、0.8%苦参碱内酯水剂、1%苦参碱溶液、1.1%苦参碱溶液、1.1%苦参碱粉剂等，这些植物源药剂已应用在防治蔬菜、果树、茶叶、烟草等作物一些害虫取得良好防效。
对蔬菜刺吸式口器昆虫蚜虫、鳞翅目昆虫菜青虫、茶毛虫、小菜蛾，以及茶小绿叶蝉、白粉虱等都具有理想的防效。另外对蔬菜霜霉、疫病、炭疽病也有很好的防效。值得关注开发。

防治的主要害虫
1.各种松毛虫、杨树舟娥、美国白娥等森林食叶害虫在 2-3 龄幼虫发生期，用 1%苦参碱可溶性液剂1000-1500倍液均匀喷雾。
2.茶毛虫、枣尺蝶、金纹细蛾等果树食叶类害虫用1%苦参碱可溶性液剂 800-1200倍液均匀喷雾。
3.菜青虫：在成虫产卵高峰后7天左右, 幼虫处于2-3龄时施药防治, 每亩用0.3%苦参碱水剂500-700 毫升，加水40-50千克进行喷雾。本品对低龄幼虫效果好，对4-5龄幼虫敏感性差。注意事项严禁与碱性药混用，本品速效性差，应搞好虫子情预测预报，在害虫低龄期施药防治。

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MATRINE 2.3% WSC

Matrine, a high-effective, safe and non-residual plant pesticide, is produced from many kinds of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs through industrialized refining.

It is effective in controlling all kinds of pests and sick fungus such as aphid, armyworm, red spider, cabbage caterpillars, American bollworm, whitefly, leaf miner and mildew, spot, rust, withered, rot etc. On cereal, cotton, fruit, vegetable, forest, tobacco, tea, flowers and plants and in the meantime, regulate the internal physiological mechanism plant.

By spraying, it can promote crops' growing luxuriantly, increase output and improve quality; by dressing seeds, it make sure that the total young plants survive strongly; by using on the crops such as melon, fruit, vegetable and tea, etc. Which are edible directly, it has no residue on these crops and make them green foodstuff which have non-environmental pollution.

Furthermore, the product can be used to control all kinds of fungus, ringworm and external parasite on livestock; it also can be used to dip livestock regularly so as to make their fur shiny and growing healthy and strong.

Enviomentally it has no three wastes or pollution in the process of production. It has no poison, harmfulness or by effects on human beings, livestock and nature enemies of pests while using. It can kill eggs of pests in time and restrain the reproduction of pests by relying mainly on contact poisoning while making stomach poisoning subsidiary. No resistance will occur.

Method of application (0.3% WSC):

Applied Range	Pests and Fungus	Application Methods	Usage(ml/ha)
Melon vegetable	aphid, cabbage caterpillars, whitefly, two-spotted leafhopper, mildew, rust small cabbage moth	spraying spraying	450~750 675~975
Eggplant	twenty-eight-spotted ladybug, red spider	spraying	450~600
Chinese chives	chives maggot	spraying roots	750~900
Fruit trees	aphid, American spotted leafminer, red spider	spraying	750~825
Tea	tea caterpillar, tea geomelria, small tea leafhopper	spraying	750~825
Gardens' flowers and plants	pine moth, tussock moth, geometrid, anthracnose, powdery mildew, rot	spraying	750~900
Tabbaco	tabbaco aphid tabbaco caterpillars	spraying	750~900
Wheat	aphid, American bollworm(first-stage and second-stage)	spraying seed dressing	450~750 8/1000 of seeds quantity
Maize	aphid, armyworm, thrips, leaf spot of maize	spraying seed dressing	450~750 8/1000 of seeds quantity
Rice	striped rice borer, rice planthoppe, rice thrips, Chinese rice grasshopper	Spraying seed dressing	750~900 8/1000 of seeds quantity
Oxen and sheep	fungus and tinea, external parasites	scrub directly	600-time solution

Precaution:

1. Not mix with any chemical pesticide while using Evergreen 0.3% WSC because it belongs to faintly acid pesticide.

2. Common dilution times are 800-1200, for small cabbage moth should be 500-600. Dilution times can be increased or decreased properly according to specific state of pests an fungus.

3. Store in shady, cool and ventilating place. Avoid storing in high temperature and burning sun.

4. Clean the spraying container before application. Shake evenly while using. The diluted liquor must be used once and the term of efficacy is seven days.

5. The diluted liquor should be sprayed totally and evenly so as to contact plants and pests well. If the first spraying is not even, re-spraying can be done.

Validity when stored in original package: 2 years

Matrine 苦参素，苦参碱

MATRINE 2.3% WSC