Kresoxim-methyl 醚菌酯

醚菌酯

简介
醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)又称(E)-2-甲氧亚氨基-[2-(邻甲基苯氧基甲基)苯基]乙酸甲酯，是一种高效、广谱、新型杀菌剂。对草莓白粉病、甜瓜白粉病、黄瓜白粉病、梨黑星病等病害具有良好的防效。
醚菌酯不仅具有广谱的杀菌活性，同时兼具有良好的保护和治疗作用。与其它常用的杀菌剂无交互抗性，且比常规杀菌剂持效期长。具有高度的选择性，对作物、人畜及有益生物安全，对环境基本无污染。

产品类别
醚菌酯是以天然抗生素stobiluronA为基础，仿生合成的一种全新植物病害管理产品。对作物和环境安全，具有极高的杀菌活性，在全球逐渐被建立一种新的杀菌标准。它对其它杀菌剂产生抗性的病害非常有效。

理化性质
醚菌酯原药为白色粉末结晶体，熔点：87.2-101.7℃,密度为1.258kg/L(20℃)，蒸气压1.3*10-6Pa(25℃)，溶解度2g/L(20℃)。急性经口LD50：大鼠雌雄急性经口LD50均大于5000mg/kg。急性经皮LD50：大鼠雌雄急性经皮LD50均大于2000mg/kg。对家兔眼睛、皮肤无刺激性。Ames试验、小鼠精子致畸试验和小鼠微核试验均为阴性。

防治对象
青岛浩瀚农业科技有限公司研究实验发现：醚菌酯对半知菌、子囊菌、担子菌、卵菌纲等真菌引起的多种病害具有很好的活性，如：葡萄白粉病、小麦锈病、马铃薯疫病、南瓜疫病、水稻稻瘟病等病害，特别对草莓白粉病、甜瓜白粉病、黄瓜白粉病、梨黑星病特效。 防治黄瓜白粉病、霜霉病的用药量为有效成分75～150g/ hm2(折成乳油商品量为20-40mL/667m2)。加水稀释后于发病初期均匀喷雾．一般喷药3~4次．间隔7d喷1次药。防治香蕉黑星病、叶斑病的有效成分浓度为83．3-250mg/kg(稀释倍数为1 000-3 000倍)，于发病初期开始喷雾．一般喷药3次，问隔10d喷1次药。喷药次数视病情而定。对黄瓜、香蕉安全，未见药害发生。

作用特点
醚菌酯可抑制病原孢子侵入，具有良好的保护活性，全面有效控制蔬菜、果树、花卉等植物的各种真菌病害如白粉病、黑星病、炭疽病、锈病、疫病等。

注意事项
1：本品不可与强碱、强酸性的农药等物质混合使用。
2：产品安全间隔为4天，作物每季度最多喷施3-4次。
3：使用本产品时应穿戴防护服、口罩、手套和护眼镜，施药期间不可进食和饮水，施药后应及时洗手和洗脸。
4：孕妇及哺乳妇女不宜接触。　
5：干燥、通风远离火源储存

中毒急救
如不慎吸入，应将病人移至空气流通处，不慎接触皮肤或溅入眼中，应用大量清水冲洗10-15分钟，如果误服，要催吐，保持安静，并立刻将其送进医院进行治疗。

kresoxim-methyl
Fungicide
FRAC 11, C3; strobilurin type: oximinoacetate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name kresoxim-methyl (BSI, pa ISO)
IUPAC name methyl (E)-methoxyimino[2-(o-tolyloxymethyl)phenyl]acetate
Chemical Abstracts name methyl (aE)-a-(methoxyimino)-2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl] benzeneacetate
CAS RN [143390-89-0] Development codes BAS 490F (BASF)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 313.4 M.f. C18H19NO4 Form White, mildly aromatic crystals. M.p. 101.6-102.5 °C B.p. decomp. 310 °C V.p. 2.3 ´ 10-3 mPa (20 ºC) KOW logP = 3.4 (pH 7, 25 ºC) Henry 3.6 ´ 10-4 Pa m3 mol-1 S.g./density 1.258 kg/l (20 °C) Solubility In water 2 mg/l (20 ºC). Stability Hydrolysis DT50 34 d (pH 7), 7 h (pH 9); relatively stable at pH 5. pKa None in range 2-12

COMMERCIALISATION
History Discovered by BASF AG in 1983. Reported by E. Ammermann et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 1992, 1, 403). In production since 1995 and introduced in 1996. Patents EP 253213; US 4829085 Manufacturers BASF

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1, at the ubiquinol oxidising site. Selectivity is partly due to enzymic de-esterification within plants. Mode of action Fungicide with protective, curative, eradicative and long residual disease control; acts by inhibiting spore germination. Redistribution via the vapour phase contributes to activity. Uses Control of scab in apples and pears (Venturia spp.); powdery mildew on apples (Podosphaera leucotricha), vines (Uncinula necator), cucurbits (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and sugar beet (Erysiphe betae); mildew (Erysiphe graminis), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and glume blotch (Septoria nodorum) on cereals; mildew on vegetables (Leveillula taurica, Erysiphe spp., Alternaria spp.). Formulation types SC; SE; WG. Selected products: 'Stroby' (BASF, Nissan); 'Ardent' (Makhteshim-Agan); mixtures: 'Allegro' (+ epoxiconazole) (BASF); 'Mentor' (+ fenpropimorph) (BASF)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Candit' (BASF); 'Cygnus' (BASF); 'Discus' (BASF, Stähler); 'Kenbyo' (BASF); 'Sovran' (BASF) mixtures: 'Brio' (+ fenpropimorph) (BASF); 'Collis' (+ boscalid) (BASF); 'Ensign' (+ fenpropimorph) (BASF); 'Juwel' (+ epoxiconazole) (BASF); 'Landmark' (+ epoxiconazole) (BASF); 'Mantra' (+ epoxiconazole+ fenpropimorph) (BASF); 'Ogam' (+ epoxiconazole) (BASF); 'Opponent' (+ pyraclostrobin+ epoxiconazole) (BASF); 'Avalon' (+ epoxiconazole) (Barclay); 'KME' (+ epoxiconazole) (Me2); 'Landgold Strobilurin KE' (+ epoxiconazole) (Landgold); 'Landgold Strobilurin KF' (+ fenpropimorph) (Landgold); 'Monsoon' (+ fenpropimorph) (GreenCrop)

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 83, 85 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.6 mg/l. NOEL (3 mo) for male rats 2000 ppm (146 mg/kg daily), female rats 500 ppm (43 mg/kg daily). ADI (JMPR) 0.4 mg/kg b.w. [1998]. Other Negative in the Ames test, and non-teratogenic. EC classification R40| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Although it is toxic to aquatic species, exposure tests and ecological studies have shown that there is no danger of permanent damage to aquatic organisms when kresoxim-methyl is used as recommended. Birds LD50 (14 d) for quail >2150 mg/kg. LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5000 ppm. Fish LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 0.499 mg/l, rainbow trout 190 ppb. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 0.186 mg/l. Algae EC50 (0-72 h) 63 mg/l. Bees LD50 (48 h) (contact) >20 mg/bee. Worms LC50 >937 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Orally administered test compound was widely distributed and quickly eliminated; there was no bioaccumulation. The major routes of excretion were faeces and urine. Thirty two different metabolites were identified. Plants Residues in cereals and pome fruit at harvest are <0.05 mg/kg, in grapes and vegetables <1 mg/kg. Soil/Environment Rapidly degraded; in aerobic soil, or under aerobic or anaerobic aquatic metabolism, DT50 <1 d. In soil, DT90 (lab.) <3 d; the main metabolite is the corresponding acid. Very mobile in soil; Koc 219-372; Koc of the acid 17-24. However, in lysimeter studies, only low levels of kresoxim-methyl and its metabolite were found in leachates (R. Becker-Arnold & R. T. Hamm, Proc. 9th IUPAC Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem., London, 1998, 2, 6D-017).