Isoxaflutole 异噁唑草酮 异唑草酮

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异恶唑草酮

通用名称 异恶唑草酮(isoxaflutole)
[1]商品名称 百农思(Balance)
英文通用名:isoxaflutole
分子式:C15H12F3O4S
CA登记号:141112-29-0
农药类别:除草剂
化学名称 5-环丙基-4-(2-甲磺酰基-4-三氟甲基)苯甲酰基异(口恶)唑

理化性质
原药外观为白色至灰黄色固体,熔点140℃,水溶度6.2毫克/升,蒸气压(25℃)10-6Pa。
制剂为棕色固体颗粒,比重1.439,pH4.66,贮存稳定性2年以上。
毒性 据中国农药毒性分级标准,异恶唑草酮属低毒除草剂。原药急性毒性鼠经口LD50大于5000毫克/千克,兔经皮LD50大于2000毫克/千克。鼠吸入LC50大于5.23毫克/升。对水生动物、飞禽、害虫天敌安全。原药慢性毒性对哺乳动物没有致畸作用。
制剂急性毒性鼠经口LD50大于5000毫克/千克,兔经皮LD50大于2000毫克/千克。鼠吸入LC50大于5.26毫克/升。

制剂 75%异恶唑草酮水分散粒剂

作用特点
异恶唑草酮是用于玉米、甘蔗等旱作物田做土壤处理的一种有机杂环类选择性内吸型苗前除草剂,主要经由杂草幼根吸收传导而起作用。敏感杂草吸收了此药之后,通过抑制对羟基苯丙酮双氧酶而破坏叶绿素的形成,导致受害杂草失绿枯萎。异恶唑草酮在施用时或施用后,因土壤墒情不好而滞留于表层土壤中的有效成分虽不能及时地发挥出防除杂草的作用,但仍能保持较长时间不被分解,待遇到降雨或灌溉,仍能发挥防除杂草的作用,甚至对长到4~5叶的敏感杂草也能杀伤和抑制。
异恶唑草酮的持效期适中,在土壤中的半衰期比较短,通常在4个月后基本无残留,因此对后茬作物没有不良的影响。
适用作物 玉米、甘蔗等。

在其他国家登记作物 玉米、甘蔗。

防治对象
苘麻、藜、地肤、猪毛菜、龙葵、反枝苋、柳叶刺蓼、鬼针草、马齿苋、繁缕、香薷、苍耳、铁苋菜、水棘针、酸模叶蓼、婆婆纳等多种一年生阔叶杂草,对马唐、稗草、牛筋草、千金子、大狗尾草和狗尾草等一些一年生禾本科杂草也有较好的防效。
应用技术 异恶唑草酮要在玉米播后1周内及早施用。施用方法是先将药剂溶于少量水中,然后按每亩对水60~75升配成药液,经充分搅拌后再均匀喷于地表。
为了更好地防除禾本科杂草,特别推荐以异恶唑草酮与乙草胺(禾耐斯)、异丙草胺、普乐宝等酰胺类除草剂混用。除了混用,在禾本科杂草发生很少的地块也可以单用。
在春玉米种植区,每亩用75%异恶唑草酮水分散粒剂8~10克加50%乙草胺乳油130~160毫升(有效成分6~7.5克加65~ 80克)。
在夏玉米种植区,每亩用75%异恶唑草酮水分散粒剂5~6克加50%乙草胺乳油100~130毫升(有效成分3.75~5.25克加50 ~65克),或加90%乙草胺55~70毫升,或加72%都尔或普乐宝80~100毫升(有效成分58~72克)。
中毒解救 如有异恶唑草酮药液溅到眼里,要用清水充分冲洗;溅到皮肤上,要用肥皂清洗。若误服或吸入中毒,将其置于阴凉通风处,并尽快送到医院进行对症治疗。

注意事项
1.使用异恶唑草酮同使用其它土壤处理除草剂一样,在干旱少雨、土壤墒情不好时不易充分发挥药效,因此要求播种前把地整平,播种后把地压实,配制药液时要把水量加足。不然,则难以保证药效。
2.异恶唑草酮的杀草活性较高,施用时不要超过推荐用量,并力求把药喷施均匀,以免影响药效和产生药害。
3.异恶唑草酮用于碱性土或有机质含量低、淋溶性强的沙质土,有时会使玉米叶片产生黄化、白化药害症状。另外,爆裂型玉米对该药较为敏感。因此,在这些玉米田上不宜使用。
4.使用异恶唑草酮时,可按土壤质地和有机质含量、土壤干湿和天气情况。田间发生的杂草种类和密度,适当调整异恶唑草酮与其配伍药剂的用量幅度和配比。

 

 

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isoxaflutole
Herbicide
HRAC F2 WSSA 28; isoxazole

  isoxaflutole

NOMENCLATURE
Common name isoxaflutole (BSI, pa ISO)
IUPAC name 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl a,a,a-trifluoro-2-mesyl-p-tolyl ketone
Chemical Abstracts name (5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl)[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone
CAS RN [141112-29-0] Development codes RPA 201772 (Rhône-Poulenc)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. is c. 98% pure. Mol. wt. 359.3 M.f. C15H12F3NO4S Form Off-white or pale yellow solid. M.p. 140 °C V.p. 1 ´ 10-3 mPa (25 °C) KOW logP = 2.32 Henry 1.87 ´ 10-5 Pa m3 mol-1 (20 °C) S.g./density 1.590 Solubility In water 6.2 mg/l (pH 5.5, 20 °C). Stability Stable to heat (14 d at 54 °C) and to light. DT50 in water 1 d at pH 7.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Under development from 1992. Reported by B. M. Luscombe et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1995, 1, 35). Patents EP 0527036 Manufacturers Bayer CropScience

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Rapidly metabolised in plants, and in the soil, by opening of the isoxazole ring, to form a diketonitrile, which is the active species (K. E. Pallett et al., Pest Manag. Sci. 57, 133 (2001) and refs. therein); this is a p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor. This enzyme converts p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate to homogentisate, a key step in plastoquinone biosynthesis. Inhibition leads to indirect inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, giving rise to chlorosis of new growth. Mode of action Systemic by either root or foliar uptake. Uses Broad-spectrum grass and broad-leaved weed control in maize and sugar cane. Applied at 75-140 g/ha pre-emergence or pre-plant; the spectrum can be enhanced by mixture with other active ingredients. Formulation types SC; WG; WP. Selected products: 'Balance' (Bayer CropScience); 'Merlin' (Bayer CropScience, Certis Europe); mixtures: 'Epic' (+ flufenacet) (Bayer CropScience)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Alliance' (Bayer CropScience); 'Converge' (Bayer CropScience); 'Provence' (Bayer CropScience) mixtures: 'Acajou' (+ aclonifen) (Bayer CropScience); 'Atoll' (+ atrazine) (Bayer CropScience); 'Cadou Star' (+ flufenacet) (Bayer CropScience); 'Lagon' (+ aclonifen) (Bayer CropScience)

ANALYSIS
By hplc with u.v. detection.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Not a skin irritant; minimal eye irritation (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.23 mg/l. NOEL (2 y) for rats 2 mg/kg daily. Other Non-mutagenic, non-neurotoxic. Toxicity class EPA (formulation) III EC classification R63| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 (14 d) for quail and mallard ducks >2150 mg/kg; dietary LC50(8 d) >5000 ppm. Fish Non-toxic at limit of water solubility. Daphnia Non-toxic at limit of water solubility. Algae EC50 for Selenastrum capricornutum 0.016 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. EC50 (96 h) for Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 3.4 mg/l, mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 18 mg/l. Bees LD50 (oral and contact) >100 mg/bee. Worms Non-toxic at 1000 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Following oral administration, isoxaflutole is rapidly excreted. Plants Plant metabolism study demonstrated that residue levels at harvest are very low, and comprise mainly a non-toxic metabolite. Soil/Environment In laboratory soil studies, degradation proceeds via hydrolysis and microbial degradation, with final mineralisation to CO2. Isoxaflutole and its major metabolites are potentially mobile in soil under simulated high rainfall; however field studies indicate that residues remain in the surface horizons; after 4 months, virtually no residues remain in the soil.