Flusilazole 氟硅唑

氟硅唑

英文通用名称：flusilazole
商品名称：Nustar、Olymp、Punch、福星、克菌星
分子量： 315.4
分子式: C16H15F2N3Si
理化性质：
本品为淡棕色桔晶固体，熔点：53℃，蒸气压为0.039mPa(25℃)溶解性：水900mg/L(pH:1.1)水900毫克/升(pH:7.8)，在许多有机溶剂中>2kg/L。对日光稳定，在310℃以下稳定 。
毒性：本品低毒。

功能作用
某些梨品种幼果期（5月份以前）很敏感，忌用。
可用于内吸性杀菌。可抑制甾醇脱甲基化。主要可用于防治子囊菌纲，担子菌纲和半知菌类真菌有效，如苹果黑星菌、白粉病菌，禾谷类的麦类核腔菌、壳针孢属菌、钩丝壳菌等，球座菌及甜莱上的各种病原菌，花生叶斑病。三唑类杀菌剂，破坏和阻止麦角甾醇的生物合成，导致细胞膜不能形成，使病菌死亡。对子囊菌、担子菌和半知菌所致病害有效，对卵菌无效，对梨黑星病有特效。

使用方法

防治梨、苹果、脐橙、大枣等的黑星病，在病发初期喷药，每隔7～10d喷1次，连续4～6次，每次用20%硅唑·咪鲜胺1500倍-2000倍液或40%乳油有效剂量40～50mg/L(8000～10000倍液)，能有效防治黑星病，并有兼治赤星病的作用。当病害发生高峰期，喷药间隔可适当缩短。也可用于苹果黑星病和白粉病，葡萄白粉病，花生叶斑病，谷类白粉病和眼点病，小麦颖枯病，叶锈病和条锈病，大麦叶斑病等。 氟硅唑
[1]

生产方法

氯甲基二氯甲硅烷在低温下与氟苯、丁基锂反应，制得双（4-氟基苯）甲基氯代甲基硅烷，再在极性溶剂中与1，2，4-三唑钠反应，制得氟硅唑。
上游原料：
正丁基锂-->氟化苯-->硅烷-->甲基硅烷-->三唑钠

注意事项

适宜作物与安全性苹果、梨、黄瓜、番茄和禾谷类等。梨肉的最大残留限量为0.05μg/g，梨皮为0.5μg/g。安全间隔期为18d。为了避免病菌对氟硅唑产生抗性，一个生长季内使用次数不宜超过4次，应.与其他保护性药剂交替使用。

flusilazole
Fungicide
FRAC 3, G1; DMI: triazole

NOMENCLATURE
Common name flusilazole (BSI, ANSI, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO)
IUPAC name bis(4-fluorophenyl)(methyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane; 1-[[bis(4-fluorophenyl)(methyl)silyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole
Chemical Abstracts name 1-[[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylsilyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole
CAS RN [85509-19-9] Development codes DPX-H 6573 (DuPont)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. is 92.5%. Mol. wt. 315.4 M.f. C16H15F2N3Si Form White, odourless crystals. M.p. 53-55 ºC V.p. 3.9 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 ºC, gas saturation method) KOW logP = 3.74 (pH 7, 25 ºC) Henry 2.7 ´ 10-4 Pa m3 mol-1 (pH 8, 25 °C, calc.) S.g./density 1.30 Solubility In water 45 (pH 7.8), 54 (pH 7.2), 900 (pH 1.1) (all in mg/l, 20 ºC). Readily soluble (>2 kg/l) in many organic solvents. Stability Stable for more than 2 years under normal storage conditions. Stable to light, and to temperatures up to 310 ºC. pKa 2.5, v. weak base

COMMERCIALISATION
History Fungicide reported by T. M. Fort & W. K. Moberg (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 1984, 1, 413). Introduced in France (1985) by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. Manufacturers DuPont

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis (steroid demethylation inhibitor). Mode of action Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. Its resistance to wash-off, redistribution by rainfall and vapour phase activity are important components in its biological activity. Uses Broad spectrum, systemic, preventive and curative fungicide effective against many pathogens (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes). It is recommended for use on many crops, such as: apples (Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha); peaches (Sphaerotheca pannosa, Monilia laxa); cereals (all major diseases); grapes (Uncinula necator, Guignardia bidwellii); sugar beet (Cercospora beticola, Erysiphe betae); maize (Helminthosporium turcicum); sunflowers (Phomopsis helianthi); oilseed rape (Pseudocercosporella capsellae, Pyrenopeziza brassicae); bananas (Mycosphaerella spp.). Formulation types EC; EW; SC; SE; WG. Selected products: 'Capitan' (cereals) (DuPont); 'Nustar' (fruit) (DuPont); 'Olymp' (fruit) (DuPont); 'Punch' (cereals) (DuPont); 'Sanction' (cereals) (DuPont)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Benocap' (DuPont); 'Fennec' (DuPont); 'Genie 25' (DuPont); 'Lyric' (DuPont); 'Version' (DuPont) mixtures: 'Alert S' (+ carbendazim) (DuPont); 'Charisma' (+ famoxadone) (DuPont); 'Colstar' (+ fenpropimorph) (DuPont); 'Contrast' (+ carbendazim) (DuPont); 'Escudo' (+ carbendazim) (DuPont); 'Initial' (+ fenpropimorph) (DuPont); 'Pluton' (+ fenpropimorph) (DuPont); 'Punch C' (+ carbendazim) (DuPont) Discontinued products: 'DUK 747' * (DuPont) mixtures: 'Cerelux' * (+ tridemorph) (DuPont); 'DUK 51' * (+ tridemorph+ fenpropimorph) (DuPont); 'Fusion' * (+ tridemorph) (DuPont); 'Gral' * (+ tridemorph) (DuPont); 'Justice' * (+ tridemorph+ fenpropimorph) (DuPont); 'Option' * (+ tridemorph) (DuPont); 'Triumph' * (+ chlorothalonil) (DuPont); 'Meld' * (+ tridemorph) (BASF)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1998, H, 171); details from DuPont. Residues determined by glc (R. A. Guinivan & M. R. Gagnon, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 77, 728 (1994)).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 74, 76 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 1100, female rats 674 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg; a mild irritant to skin and eyes, but not a skin sensitiser. Inhalation LC50 for male rats 27, female rats 3.7 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for rats 10 mg/kg diet; (1 y) for dogs 5 mg/kg diet; (1.5 y) for mice 25 mg/kg diet. ADI (JMPR) 0.001 mg/kg b.w. [1995]. Other Not mutagenic. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III EC classification R40| R61| Xn; R22| N; R51, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >1590 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 1.2, bluegill sunfish 1.7 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 3.4 mg/l. Bees Not toxic to bees. LD50 >150 mg/bee.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Soil/Environment Results of several different studies under varying environmental conditions indicate average DT50 95 d.