Diflufenican 吡氟酰草胺

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吡氟酰草胺

英文通用名 diflufenican
其他名称: 吡氟草胺,Cou克ar,M&B-38544
化学结构: 吡氟酰草胺化学结构

毒性
属低毒除草剂。大鼠急性经口LD50>2000毫克/公斤,大鼠急性经皮LD50>2000毫克/公斤。无致癌、致畸、致突变作用。

剂型
50%可湿性粉剂、50%悬浮剂

特点
该药属于类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂。导致叶绿素破坏及细胞破裂,植物死亡。是广谱的选择性麦田除草剂。土壤中残效期较长。 适用范围 适用于大麦、小麦田防除禾本科和阔叶杂草。

使用方法
小麦或大麦田芽前或芽后施药,剂量为125-250克/公顷(有效成分计)。

注意事项
吡氟草胺在冬小麦芽前和芽后早期施用对小麦生长安全,但芽前施药时如遇持续大雨,尤其是芽期降雨,可以造成作物叶片暂时脱色,但一般可以恢复。

急救措施
眼 睛:用流动的水清洗最少15分钟。就医
皮 肤:小心脱掉被污染的衣服,用肥皂和水清洗接触部位。如觉必要,就医。
摄 入:用水漱口。使病者放松并立即就医
吸 入:移至空气新鲜处,保持放松。就医
解 毒 药:无解毒药,如需要,根据症状治疗。

 

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diflufenican
Herbicide
HRAC F1 WSSA 12; pyridinecarboxamide

  diflufenican

NOMENCLATURE
Common name diflufenican (BSI, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO); diflufenicanil ((m) France)
IUPAC name 2',4'-difluoro-2-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)nicotinanilide
Chemical Abstracts name N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
Other names DFF CAS RN [83164-33-4] Development codes M&B 38 544 (May & Baker)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition ³97% pure. Mol. wt. 394.3 M.f. C19H11F5N2O2 Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 159-161 °C V.p. 4.25 ´ 10-3 mPa (25 °C, gas saturation method) KOW logP = 4.9 Henry 0.033 Pa m3 mol-1 Solubility In water <0.05 mg/l (25 ºC). Soluble in most organic solvents, e.g. acetone, dimethylformamide 100, acetophenone, cyclohexanone 50, isophorone 35, xylene 20, cyclohexane, 2-ethoxyethanol, kerosene <10 (all in g/kg, 20 ºC). Stability Stable in air up to melting point. At 22 ºC, very stable in aqueous solution at pH 5, 7 and 9. Fairly stable to photolysis.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Herbicide reported by M. C. C. Ramp et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1985, 1, 23) and by C. F. A. Kyndt et al. (ibid., p. 29). Introduced by May & Baker Ltd (now Bayer CropScience). Patents EP 53011 Manufacturers Bayer CropScience; Shenyang

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, by inhibition of phytoene desaturase. Mode of action Selective contact and residual herbicide, absorbed principally by the shoots of germinating seedlings, with limited translocation. Uses Applied at 125-250 g/ha pre- or early post-emergence in autumn-sown wheat and barley, to control grass and broad-leaved weeds, particularly Galium, Veronica and Viola spp. Normally used in combination with isoproturon or other cereal herbicides. Phytotoxicity Any slight phytotoxicity is in the form of small transient patches on basal leaves, with no adverse effect on crop development. Formulation types SC; WP. Selected products: 'Fenican' (Bayer CropScience); 'Legacy' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Tigrex' (Bayer CropScience); mixtures: 'Bacara' (+ flurtamone) (Bayer CropScience); 'Javelin' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Blizzard' (Bayer CropScience); 'Brodal' (Bayer CropScience); 'Econal' (Bayer CropScience); 'Ioniz' (Bayer CropScience); 'Legato' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Zodiac TX' (Bayer CropScience) mixtures: 'Amazon' (+ clodinafop-propargyl) (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta); 'Ardent' (+ trifluralin) (Bayer CropScience); 'Azur' (+ ioxynil+ isoproturon) (as salts) (Bayer CropScience); 'Bolero' (+ terbuthylazine) (Syngenta); 'Capture' (+ ioxynil+ bromoxynil) (Bayer CropScience); 'Carat' (+ flurtamone) (Bayer CropScience); 'Chamois' (+ ioxynil+ bromoxynil) (Philagro); 'Cougar' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'DFF 625' (+ isoproturon) (Landgold); 'Dièze' (+ mecoprop-P+ bromoxynil) (Bayer CropScience); 'Etnos' (+ isoproturon+ pyraflufen-ethyl) (Bayer CropScience); 'Fenikan' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'First' (+ ioxynil+ bromoxynil) (Bayer CropScience); 'Galace' (+ trifluralin) (Dow AgroSciences); 'Graduate' (+ flurtamone) (Bayer CropScience); 'Grenadier' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'Halbard' (+ cyanazine) (Feinchemie Schwebda); 'Helmsman' (+ oxadiazon+ carbetamide) (Bayer CropScience); 'Herold' (+ flufenacet) (Bayer CropScience); 'Ingot' (+ flurtamone+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'Javelin Gold' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'Legato Plus' (+ isoproturon) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Lucifer' (+ clodinafop-propargyl) (Bayer CropScience); 'Panther' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'Quartz' (+ isoproturon) (Bayer CropScience); 'Snap!' (+ flurtamone) (Me2); 'Spearhead' (+ MCPA+ clopyralid) (Bayer CropScience); 'Traviata' (+ mecoprop-P+ bromoxynil) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products mixtures: 'Tolkan Turbo' * (+ isoproturon) (Aventis); 'Amazon TP' * (+ clodinafop-propargyl) (Novartis)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by rplc (CIPAC Handbook, 1998, H, 147). Methods have been developed to determine residues in plants and soil (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39(5), 968-76).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1985, 1, 23-28. Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >2000, mice >1000, rabbits >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >2.34 mg/l air. NOEL In 14 d sub-acute trials in rats, no adverse effect observed at 1600 mg/kg b.w. In 90 d feeding trials, NOEL for dogs was 1000 mg/kg b.w. daily, for rats 500 ppm diet. Other Non-mutagenic in the Ames test. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U EC classification R52, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for quail >2150, mallard ducks >4000 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 56-100, carp 105 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) - no effect at 10 mg/l. Algae No growth inhibition of algae (96 h) at 10 mg/l. Bees Non-toxic by ingestion or contact. Worms Non-toxic to earthworms.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Plants In cereals, rapidly metabolised via the nicotinamide and nicotinic acid to CO2. Following pre-emergence application in autumn, no residues are detectable in the grain and straw after c. 200-250 days. Soil/Environment In soil, degradation proceeds via the metabolites 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)nicotinamide and 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)nicotinic acid to bound residues and CO2. Half-life varies from 15 to 30 weeks, depending on soil type and water content.