Cyclosulfamuron 环丙嘧磺隆，环丙磺隆

用于禾谷类及草坪，防除阔叶杂草及莎草。2010年6月21日到期。巴斯夫公司开发，2009年市场＜0.30亿美元。1997年上市。

环丙嘧磺隆　　
英文通用名 cyclosulfamuron
其他名称 金秋，AC322，140 毒性 属低毒除草剂。大鼠急性经口LD50＞5000毫克/公斤，兔急性经皮LD50＞4000毫克/公斤。
剂型 10%可湿性粉剂
特点 属磺酰胺类化合物，主要通过抑制杂草体内乙酰乳酸合成酶，从而阻碍支链氨基酸的合成，使细胞停止分裂，最后导致死亡。
适用范围 主要用于水稻直播田及本田，还可用于小麦、大麦、草皮中。用于防阔叶和莎草科杂草如鸭舌草、雨久花、泽泻、狼巴草，母草、瓜皮草、牛毛毡、矮慈姑、异型莎草等。对多年生鹿杆草也有较强抑制效果。对水稻有增产作用。
使用方法
1.水稻移栽田 插秧后3-5天用毒土法施药，撒毒土0.67-1公斤/公顷，水层保持4-5cm，药后5天不排灌。南方使用剂量15-20克/公顷(有效成分)，北方20-30克/公顷(有效成分)。
2、水稻直播田 播种后10-15天(秧田1叶1心至2叶期)施药前一天灌水后排干，茎叶喷雾，药后第二天复水，南方用量20-30克/公顷(有效成分)。
3.大麦、小麦田 防除海绿、荠菜、白芥菜、婆婆纳、猪殃殃、荞麦蔓、苦苣菜、虞美人等，用药量25-50克/公顷(有效成分计)，苗前土壤处理或茎叶处理均可。
注意事项 在高剂量下，如60克/公顷，水稻会发生矮化或白化现象，但能很快恢复，对后期生长和产量无任何影响。

cyclosulfamuron
Herbicide
HRAC B WSSA 2; sulfonylurea

NOMENCLATURE
Common name cyclosulfamuron (pa ISO, ANSI)
IUPAC name 1-[2-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenylsulfamoyl]-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea
Chemical Abstracts name N-[[[2-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N'-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)urea
CAS RN [136849-15-5] Development codes AC 322,140 (Cyanamid)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 421.4 M.f. C17H19N5O6S Form Off-white solid. M.p. 160.9-162.9 °C; (tech., 149.6-153.2 °C) V.p. c. 2.2 ´ 10-2 mPa (20 °C, gas saturation method) KOW logP = 1.58 (pH 3), 2.045 (pH 5), 1.69 (pH 6), 1.41 (pH 7), 0.7 (pH 8) (all 25 ºC) S.g./density 0.624 (20 °C) Solubility In water 0.17 (pH 5), 6.52 (pH 7), 549 (pH 9) (all in ppm, 25 ºC). Stability DT50 0.33 (pH 5), 1.68 (pH 7), 1.66 (pH 9) (all in days). Stable 18 months (25 °C), 12 months (36 °C), 3 months (45 °C). pKa 5.04

COMMERCIALISATION
History Reported by M. E. Condon et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1993, 1, 41). Introduced in August 1997 by BASF; combination products with Bayer, Kaken, and Chugai. Patents US 5009699 Manufacturers BASF

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS or AHAS) inhibitor. Acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of the essential amino acids valine and isoleucine, hence stopping cell division and plant growth. Contributing factors for herbicide safety in rice, wheat and barley are herbicide and crop placement, metabolic inactivation in the shoot, and the ability to translocate the herbicide to sites of potential metabolic inactivation (S. J. Rodaway et al., Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1993, 1, 239). Uses Control of a variety of dicotyledonous and sedge weeds, e.g. Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai and Sagittaria pygmaea in rice, and Galium aparine, Matricaria spp., Veronica spp., Sinapis arvensis and Brassica napus in wheat and barley at 25-50 g/ha, and in rice at 45-60 g/ha. Formulation types GR; WP. Selected products: 'Invest' (BASF); 'Jin-Qiu' (BASF); 'Orysa' (BASF)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Ichiyonmaru' (BASF) mixtures: 'Nebiros' (+ daimuron+ cafenstrole) (BASF); 'Utopia' (+ pentoxazone) (BASF, Kaken); 'Agalia' (+ daimuron+ fentrazamide) (Bayer CropScience, BASF); 'Bigsure' (+ daimuron+ fentrazamide) (Bayer CropScience, BASF); 'Naegamae' (+ fentrazamide) (Misung)

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats and mice >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >4000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin, and mildly irritating to eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.2 mg/l. NOEL (2 y) for rats 1000 mg/kg diet (50 mg/kg b.w. daily); (1 y) for dogs 100 mg/kg diet (3 mg/kg b.w. daily). Other Non-mutagenic in the Ames test. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LC50 for quail >1880 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for quail >5010 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (72 h) for carp >50 ppm; (96 h) for trout >7.7, bluegill >8.2 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) >9.1 mg/l. Algae EC50 (72 h) 0.44 mg/l. Bees Acute LD50 (24 h) (oral) >99 mg/bee; (contact) >106 mg/bee. Worms No adverse effects at 892 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In rats, cyclosulfamuron is rapidly absorbed and readily excreted, mainly via the faeces. Plants In crop plants, by hydrolysis of the urea bridge, giving inactive compounds. See Biochemistry. Soil/Environment Koc (ave) in 4 U.S. soils and 4 Japanese paddy soils is 1440.