Copper hydroxide 氢氧化铜

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氢氧化铜

中文名称 氢氧化铜
英文名称 Copper (Ⅱ) Hydroxide

化学式Cu(OH)2
相对分子质量97.56
摩尔质量97.56g/mol
密度3.368g/cm3
CAS 号 20427-59-2
状态:固体粉末
颜色:蓝色
微毒,用作分析试剂,还用于医药、农药等。可作为催化剂、媒染剂、颜料、饲料添加剂、纸张染色剂等。

理化性状
蓝色或蓝绿色凝胶或淡蓝色结晶粉末,难溶于水,微显两性,溶于酸、氨水和氰化钠,受热至60-80℃变 硫酸铜溶液和氢氧化钠溶液制取氢氧化铜
暗,温度再高分解为黑色氧化铜和水。
Cu(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2〔Cu(OH)4〕
Cu(OH)2+4NH3=〔Cu(NH3)4〕(OH)2
脂肪醛可以与氢氧化铜反应,醛被氧化,氢氧化铜被还原,Cu化合价由正二降到正一,醛基中C化合价升高。
但是需要特别注意,芳香醛Ar-CHO一般不能被氢氧化铜氧化!此方法可以用来 区分芳香醛与脂肪醛
如氢氧化铜与葡萄糖反应
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2-->CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O ↓ + 2H2O
也可以写成
C6H12O6+2Cu(OH)2=Cu2O↓+C5H11O5COOH+2H2O
此性质可用来检测糖尿病患者的病情。
能和酸发生中和反应
Cu(OH)2 + 2HCI —— CuCl2 + 2H2O 分子结构图

实验室制备
实验室使用硫酸铜溶液与氢氧化钠溶液混合过滤制取氢氧化铜和硫酸钠(产生蓝色絮状沉淀,如图),反应如下:
CuSO4+2NaOH====Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2↓ 氢氧化钠与硫酸铜混合

也可用氯化铜与氢氧化钠混合,
CuCl2+2NaOH====Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl
硫酸铜与氢氧化钙:
CuSO4+Ca(OH)2====Cu(OH)2↓+CaSO4
氯化铜与氢氧化钙:
CuCl2+Ca(OH)2====Cu(OH)2↓+CaCl2
由于氢氧化铜难溶于水,使用铜盐与碱反应过滤即可制得氢氧化铜

产品用途
用作分析试剂,还用于医药、农药等。可作为催化剂、媒染剂、颜料、饲料添加剂、纸张染色剂等等。
氢氧化铜用作农药:
危险特性:按我国农药毒性分类标准,86.2%铜大师属于低毒杀菌剂,可杀得同样属于低毒杀菌剂。
制剂
77%可湿性粉剂 , 53.8% 、 61.4%干悬浮剂 。

作用机理与特点
它的杀菌作用主要靠铜离子,铜离子被萌发的孢子吸收, 当达到一定浓度时,就可以杀死孢子细胞,从而起到杀菌作用,但此作用仅限于阻止孢子萌发,也即仅有保护作用 。

防治对象
用于柑橘、 水稻 、花生 、 十字花科蔬菜、胡萝卜 、番茄 、马铃薯 、葱类、辣椒、茶树 、葡萄、西瓜等防治柑橘疮痂病、 树脂病、 溃痨病 、 脚腐病,水稻白叶枯病 、 细菌性条斑病、 稻瘟病 、纹枯病, 马铃薯早疫病、 晚疫病, 十字花科蔬菜黑斑病 、 黑腐病, 胡萝卜叶斑病,芹菜细菌性斑点病、早疫疬 、 斑枯病, 茄子早疫病、 炭疽病 、 褐斑病,菜豆细菌性疫病, 葱类紫斑病、 霜霉病,辣椒细菌性斑点病,黄瓜细菌性角斑病,香瓜霜霉病、 网纹病,葡萄黑痘病、 白粉病、 霜霉病,花生叶斑病,茶树炭疽病、 网饼病等 。

注意事项
1.稀释后及时、均匀、全面喷洒。
2.高温高湿及对铜敏感作物慎用,果树花期或幼果期禁止使用。
3.避免药液及废液流入鱼塘、河流等水域。
4.质量保证期2年。
5、施药前请详细阅读产品标签,按说明使用。
6施药时要穿戴防护用具,避免与药剂直接接触。 7.施药后换洗被污染的衣物,妥善处理废弃包装物。
8.药剂应原包装贮存于阴凉、干燥且远离儿童、食品、饲料及火源的地方。
9.中毒解救:如误服,应马上催吐,解毒药为1%亚铁氧化钾溶液。症状严重时可用二硫基丙醇。如溅入眼内或污染皮肤,用大量清水冲洗。

 

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copper hydroxide
Fungicide, bactericide
FRAC M1; multi-site: inorganic

  Copper hydroxide

NOMENCLATURE
IUPAC name copper hydroxide; copper(II) hydroxide; cupric hydroxide
Chemical Abstracts name copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)
CAS RN [20427-59-2]

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 97.6 M.f. CuH2O2 Form Blue-green solid. Solubility In water 2.9 mg/l (pH 7, 25 ºC). Readily soluble in aqueous ammonia. Insoluble in organic solvents. Stability Dehydrated >50 ºC for extended periods. Decomposes at 140 ºC.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Fungicide introduced in USA (1968) by Kennecott Corp. Manufacturers Crystal; Griffin; Ingeniería Industrial; Sulcosa

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration. Copper-II-ion (Cu++) is taken up by the spores during germination and accumulates until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell; the activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination. Mode of action Protectant fungicide and bactericide. Deposits must be on the crop before fungal spores begin to germinate. Uses For control of Peronosporaceae in vines, hops, and brassicas; Alternaria and Phytophthora in potatoes; Septoria in celery; and Septoria, Leptosphaeria, and Mycosphaerella in cereals, at 2-4 kg/ha or 300-400 g/100 l. Formulation types SC; WP. Compatibility Not compatible with acids, dicloran or calcium polysulfide. Selected products: 'Coproxide' (Vapco); 'Hidrocob' (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Nu-Cop' (Micro Flo); 'Rameazzurro' (Agrimix); 'Vitra' (IQV); mixtures: 'Techlead-C' (+ ipconazole) (Kureha, Kumiai)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Blue Shield' (Cuproquim); 'Champ' (Nufarm SA, Nufarm Americas); 'Champion' (Nufarm SA, Nufarm Americas, Agrodan); 'Cupravit Blue' (Bayer CropScience); 'Cuproxyde' (Nufarm Americas); 'Danis' (Aragro); 'Funguran OH' (Spiess-Urania); 'Hidrocobre' (IQV); 'Hidroflow' (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Kocide' (RPG, Cuproquim); 'KOP Hydroxide' (Drexel); 'Parasol' (Nufarm SA, Nufarm Americas); 'Spin Out' (Fargro); 'Sulcox OH' (Sulcosa) mixtures: 'GX-270' (+ copper sulfate) (Griffin); 'Kocide Combi' (+ mancozeb) (Griffin); 'ManKocide' (+ mancozeb) (Griffin); 'Control III' (+ cymoxanil) (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Nobact' (+ folpet) (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Oracle' (+ fenamidone) (Bayer CropScience); 'Ridomil Copper 70W' (+ metalaxyl) (Syngenta); 'Ridomil Gold Copper' (+ metalaxyl-M) (Syngenta); 'Utilis' (+ fenamidone) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Kocide' * (Griffin)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by iodometric titration (AOAC Methods, 14th Ed., 6.015-6.016; CIPAC Handbook, 1970, 1, 226).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 489 mg/kg (tech.). Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >3160 mg/kg. Severely irritating and corrosive to eyes, mild skin irritant. Inhalation LC50 > 2 mg/l air. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III

ECOTOXICOLOGY
High concentrations of this type of copper are toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause a significant decrease in populations of aquatic invertebrates, plants, and fish. Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail 3400, mallard ducks >5000 mg/kg. Dietary LD50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >10 000 ppm. Fish LC50 (24 h) for rainbow trout 0.08 mg/l; (96 h) for fathead minnow 0.023, bluegill sunfish >180 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 6.5 ppb. Bees Non-toxic to honeybees.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in mammals. Plants Plants resist copper accumulation and translocation to stems, leaves or seeds. Most plants growing on soils containing up to 1000 ppm copper showed only slight elevation in copper content compared to plants grown in normal soils. Soil/Environment Copper is a basic chemical element and does not dissipate in the soil. Soluble copper ions in the soil water are rapidly complexed by organic matter, precipitated as hydroxides, or insolubilised as precipitates with sulfides, hydroxides, carbonates, or phosphates.