Carbetamide 双酰草胺

双酰草胺

CAS号: 16118-49-3
英文名称：carbetamide
化学名称：N-乙基2-(苯氨基羰基氧基)丙酰胺；d-n-ethylacetamidecarbanilate;
其他名称：卡草胺;草长灭;草威安;草威胺;长杀草;雷克拉
分子式：C12H16N2O3
分子量：236.27

理化性质：纯品为白色结晶固体。m.p.119℃ (118℃)。在丙酮中溶解度为900g/L，甲醇中为1400g/L，环己酮中为300mg/L，在水中为3.5g/L。一般贮存条件下稳定，无腐蚀性。原药熔点>110℃，相对密度0.5，蒸气压0.133×10-3Pa。

毒性：口服- 大鼠 LD50: 11000 毫克/ 公斤; 口服- 小鼠 LD50: 1200 毫克/ 公斤鸽、野鸡LD50:：2 000毫克/ 公斤

作用特点及杀草谱：选择性除草剂。可防除禾本科杂草和某些阔叶杂草，用于油菜、苜蓿、十字花科作物田。如油菜田使用可在移栽前和移栽活棵后处理，分别用70%可湿性粉剂对水喷雾。本品不受土壤、气候影响，正常情况下在土壤中残效期可达2个月。春油菜每公顷用70％草长灭3.0～4.5千克，防治野燕麦用高药量；冬油菜每公顷用70％草长灭3.75～4.5千克，防治看麦娘用2.25～3.0千克。防治对象：野燕麦、稗草、看麦娘、棒头草、牛繁缕、猪殃殃、雀舌草、繁缕、婆婆纳、毛茛。

剂型：30%乳油，70％可湿性粉剂，
生产方法：α-羟基丙酸甲酯与乙胺作用生成N-乙基-α-羟基丙酰胺，再与异氰酸苯酯加成卡草胺。
生产情况：河北省万全农药厂,（200t/a）
其他：欧盟要求欧盟成员国必须在2010年12月31日之前撤回对含有包括双酰草胺 在内的这些物质的植物保护产品的授权，退出欧盟市场。

carbetamide
Herbicide
HRAC K2 WSSA 23; carbamate (mi)

NOMENCLATURE
Common name carbetamide (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, WSSA); no name (Germany)
IUPAC name (R)-1-(ethylcarbamoyl)ethyl carbanilate
Chemical Abstracts name (R)-N-ethyl-2-[[(phenylamino)carbonyl]oxy]propanamide
CAS RN [16118-49-3] EEC no. 240-286-6 Development codes 11 561 RP (Rhône-Poulenc)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 236.3 M.f. C12H16N2O3 Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 119 ºC; (tech., >110 ºC) V.p. Negligible (20 ºC) Solubility In water c. 3.5 g/l (20 ºC). In acetone 900, dimethylformamide 1500, ethanol 850, methanol 1400, cyclohexane 0.3 (all in g/l). Stability Stable under normal storage conditions.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Herbicide reported by J. Desmoras et al. (C. R. Journ. Etud. Herbic. Conf. COLUMA, 2nd, 1963, p. 14). Introduced by Rhône-Poulenc Agrochimie (now Bayer CropScience), who sold it to Feinchemie Schwebda GmbH in 2000. Patents GB 959204; BE 597035; US 3177061 Manufacturers Feinchemie Schwebda

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Mitosis inhibitor (microtubule organisation). Mode of action Selective herbicide, absorbed principally by the roots, and also by the leaves. Uses Control of annual grasses (including volunteer cereals) and some broad-leaved weeds, at 2 kg/ha, in clover, alfalfa, sainfoin, brassicas, field beans, peas, lentils, sugar beet, oilseed rape, chicory, endive, sunflowers, caraway, strawberries, vines, and fruit orchards. Formulation types EC; WP. Selected products: 'Legurame' (Feinchemie Schwebda); mixtures: 'Pradone' (+ dimefuron) (Feinchemie Schwebda)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Carbetamex' (Feinchemie Schwebda) mixtures: 'Helmsman' (+ diflufenican+ oxadiazon) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Ronstar TX' * (Feinchemie Schwebda)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by hplc (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 28) or by titration of the ethylamine liberated on hydrolysis (J. Desmoras et al., Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1973, 7, 509). Residues determined by hydrolysis to aniline, which is measured by colorimetry of a derivative (idem, ibid.). Details of chromatographic methods are available from Bayer CropScience.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >2000, mice 1720, dogs 900 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >500 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >0.13 mg/l air. NOEL In 90 d feeding trials, no effect observed with rats receiving 3200 mg/kg diet, or dogs receiving 12 800 mg/kg diet. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout and common carp >100 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 36.5 mg/l. Bees Not hazardous to bees when used as directed. Worms LC50 600 mg/kg soil.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Plants Rapidly metabolised, leaving no residues in the plant. Soil/Environment Microbially degraded in soil; DT50 c. 1 mo. Duration of activity at low temperatures is c. 2-3 mo. Kd ranges from 0.10 (0.01% o.m., pH 6.6) to 7.92 (16.9% o.m., pH 6.8) (H. J. Pedersen et al., Pestic. Sci., 44, 131 (1995)).
资料收集库（DocBook) 小笨象工作室 /www.9ele.com/