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氯氨基吡啶酸 (更多内容请见以下附件） CAS编码： 150114-71-9 性状描述 毒 理 学 性 质 其他毒理学性质：无三致毒性;急性经口毒性很低，不存在吸入为害，对皮肤无刺激。 氯氨吡啶酸是由陶农科开发的吡啶羧酸类新型除草剂，广泛用于山地、草原、种植地和非耕地的杂草防除，现正被研究开发应用于油菜和禾谷类作物田防除杂草。该药剂具有低毒，无致畸、致突变、致癌，对内分泌和生殖无副作用，并对人类低毒等特点。代谢除产生CO2外未发现其它影响土壤和水质的产物。对哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类、水生无脊椎动物的急性和慢性毒性均为低毒。代号GF-839是陶农科多年来主要用于牧草地上开发的第一个新型产品，为氯氨吡啶酸和氟草烟的组合物。该药剂持效期长，可用于防除牧草地一年生和多年生阔叶草如钝叶酸模、皱叶酸模、田蓟、欧洲蓟、荨麻、匍叶毛茛、蒲公英和繁缕，同时有很好选择性。 |
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Aminopyralid, a new active substance for long-term control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in grassland ABSTRACT Aminopyralid is a new systemic herbicide in the pyridine carboxylic acid class under development by Dow AgroSciences. Globally, aminopyralid can be used for weed control in range and pasture situations, plantations and non-crop areas. In addition, uses in oilseed rape and cereals are being explored. Overall, aminopyralid has a favourable toxicity profile, with no evidence of teratogenicity, mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, endocrine or adverse reproductive effects. Because of the low toxicity of aminopyralid the risks to workers handling aminopyralid formulations are low. Aminopyralid produces no significant soil or water metabolites except CO2 and exhibits very low acute or chronic toxicity to mammals, birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates and passes the EU ecotoxicological risk assessment for algae and aquatic plants. GEL-839 is a combination of the new active substance, aminopyralid, and fluroxypyr. It is the first new product to be developed primarily for the grassland market in many years. GF-839 offers reliable long term control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in grassland including Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock), R. crispus (curled leaf dock), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), C. vulgare(spear thistle), Urtica dioica (common nettle), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) and Stellaria media (chickweed), whilst also offering a high degree of selectivity to grass. INTRODUCTION Aminopyralid is a new pyridine carboxylic acid herbicide under development by Dow AgoSciences. Aminopyralid is a synthetic auxin type herbicide, it is systemic and rapidly absorbed by leaves and roots. In susceptible plant species aminopyralid induces an epinastic response leading to cessation of growth and rapid necrosis. Structural formula of aminopyralid
Chemical Class: Pyridine carboxylic acid Toxicology Chronic/Sub-chronic Ecotoxicology Birds Aquatic organisms Acute toxicity: Daphnia 48h EC50 (immobilization): 〉 100mg a.e./litre. Non Target Organisms Environmental Fate Soil The primary route of degradation in soil is aerobic microbial degradation. Laboratory studies have shown that at the only major metabolite observed was CO2 indicating that the phenyl ring of aminopyralid is mineralized. No other degradation products were detected. Aminopyralid is weakly adsorbed to soil with an adsorption coefficient, normalised for organic carbon content in the range of 0.0 to 38.9 ml/g (mean 10.8ml/g) from eight soils. These sorption results indicate that aminopyralid would be considered potentially mobile. However, FOCUS groundwater modelling showed that under typical use conditions, the PECGW was<0.1µg/litre, indicating the risk of leaching is low. Air Water The primary route of degradation is photolysis. The estimated DT50 under environmental conditions was 0.6 days at latitude 40°N in the summer. Photodegradation occurred via de-chlorination and ring cleavage. Mode of action Aminopyralid is a synthetic auxin type (growth regulator) herbicide. It is systemic and rapidly absorbed by leaves and roots. In susceptible plant species, aminopyralid induces m epinastic response (i.e. stimulation of cell elongation and premature senescence, particularly in meristematic tissue) leading to cessation of growth and rapid necrosis. GF-839 The new herbicide,GF-839,is a combination of the new active substance aminopyralid and the fully approved herbicide fluroxypyr in the quantities 30g a.e./litre aminopyralid + 100g a.e/litre fluroxypyr. It is m emulsion, water in oil formulation (EO), and will be sold as a foliar acting herbicide for the long-tem control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in grassland. Aminopyralid is the most active halopyridine yet discovered and as a synthetic hormone it poses a low risk of resistance. Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock), R. crispus (curled leaf dock), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), C vulgare (spear thistle), Urtica dioica (common nettle), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) and stellaria media (common chickweed) are all pernicious, persistent weeds of grassland in Europe. If left unchecked, they cm lead to significant reductions in sward quality and quantity and cm spread to neighbouring areas. In the UK alone, 1.l M ha of grassland are infested with Cirsium spp, and of these 400,000 ha have infestation levels of more than 1 plant/m2, equating to a potential loss of l million tomes of dry matter per year. As little as 10% ground cover by Rumex spp, can cause a potential 10% silage loss. There are currently various products on the market for control of these weeds, but GF-839differs in that it is the first new compound to be developed primarily for the grassland market for many years, and offers reliable long-tem control of all of these weeds, in combination with good grassland management practice, whilst also offering a high degree of selectivity to grass. METHODS During 2002 and 2003, 125 efficacy trials were carried out in established grassland (grass more than 1year old) to evaluate the spectrum of activity and dose rate of GF-839. Twenty yield trials were carried out in established grassland and new leys. All field trials were carried out in accordance with EPPO guidelines, with a minimum plot size of 12 m2 with a minimum of 3 replicates per treatment. RESULTS From the l25 efficacy trials, in-season control of all target weeds with 2litre/ha GF-839 was over 95%. Figure 1 shows that long-tem control (12 – 18 months after application) of perennial weeds was also excellent compared to market standards. GF-839 is most efficacious when applied to actively growing weeds in grassland situations of either perennial weeds or new sown leys this can be throughout the calendar year, Figure 2 demonstrates that equivalent long tem efficacy is achieved following early season (March-June) or late season (August - October) applications for the representative species of Rumex obttusifolius and Stellaria media. Yield and quality data from the 20 yield trials which included the label rate of 2litre/ha and the double rate of 4 litre/ha of GF-839, demonstrated that GF-839 may be used on new or established grass from the three true leaf stage. Phytotoxicity data from145 trials showed no long-tem injury in any trial and data from 6 screens on 14 of the most commonly sown and invasive grass species in the UK showed that GF-839 at the label rate and double label rate is safe to apply to new and old grass pastures. CONCLUSION GF-839 at the proposed label rate of 2litre product/ha gives both excellent in-season and long-tem weed control, whilst being very selective to grass. GF-839 has a wide window of application which makes it fully adaptable to grassland husbandry practices. These compatibilities together with good husbandry and management techniques, demonstrate that GF-839 is a novel, useful and effective tool that can be used in an integrated approach to improving the quality of grassland. SUMMARY Doxstar contains 100g a.e/litre fluroxypyr+100g a.e./litre triclopyr. Pastor contains 50g a.e./litre clopyralid +75g a.e./litre fIuroxypyr+100g a.e./litre triclopyr. Figure 2: %Weed Control Following Early or Late Season Application of 2litre/ha GF-839 |
